Abstract: Based on the allowable value test method of composite structure, the influence of temperature and humidity on the allowable value of composite structure was carried out. Combined with ASTM test standards and adequate sampling methods, the 0° tensile, single-layer 0° compression, single-layer 90° tensile and single-layer 90° compression tests of carbon fiber composites under different environmental conditions were carried out, and the numerical statistical methods and data processing methods were used to give the ultimate strain B benchmark values of various test items, and the environmental impact coefficients of the tensile properties of carbon fiber composites were calculated and analyzed. The test results show that in the 0°, 90° tensile test of carbon fiber composite, with the decrease of temperature and humidity, the ultimate strain of the specimen becomes smaller, the tensile properties deteriorate, the low-temperature dry state (CTD) is the harsh working environment, in the 0°, 90° compression test, with the increase of temperature and humidity, the ultimate strain of the specimen becomes smaller, the compression performance deteriorates, and the high-temperature wet state (ETW) is the harsh environment of work. The average environmental impact coefficient of tensile properties and 1.366 of compressive properties is 1.050. Under high temperature, high humidity, and low temperature environments, the mechanical properties of carbon fiber composite materials will exhibit significant differences. Therefore, the performance of composite materials should fully consider the impact of the usage environment