Abstract: Electrospinning fiber, a new type of reinforcement material, is nowadays widely used in various fields. It has been demonstrated that electrospun fibers can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin (CF/EP) composites. This review focuses on the current research progress of electrospun fiber interlayer toughened CF/EP composites, introduces the preparation principle of the electrostatic spinning method, investigates the influence of electrospinning process parameters on fiber morphology, summarizes the influence of electrospun fiber type, diameter, surface density, and electrospun fiber introduction method on the interlayer fracture toughness of CF/EP composites, further combines with the current research that has been carried out for detailed The analysis summarizes the toughening mechanism of electrospun fibers and points out the shortcomings of the current electrospun fiber toughened composites and the future development of electrospun fiber toughened composites for the reference of other research teams.