Abstract:
The D2Q9 lattice Boltzmann method was used to calculate lymphatic vessels containing multiple valves, fluids, and deformable cells. The defects of lymphatic valves were controlled by changing the program parameters, and the transport efficiency of lymphatic cells under different valve defects, the concentration distribution of nitric oxide, the changes of lymphatic flow over time, and the snapshots of cells at different locations were compared, to explore the effect of valve defects on lymphocyte transport. It can be seen that when there are too many valve defects, the longer the distance between the two valves will lead to the deterioration of the ability to prevent reflux, and the transport efficiency of cells will decrease. At the same time, due to the increase in valve defects, the decrease in lymphatic systolic resistance leads to increased bidirectional flow in the lymphatic vessels, resulting in higher shear force and consequently elevated NO concentration. Flow comparison shows that when there are too many valve defects, lymphatic vessels lack valve support, and the speed of lymphatic fluid inhalation is slow. Therefore, there is a significant difference in the arrival time of the peak flow of the initial lymphatic vessels and the outlet lymphatic vessels. Moreover, with the increase in valve defects, the reverse movement of cells is intensified.